Acetone is absolutely on the prohibited list. As a footnote, acetone caused one of the post-9/11 flight diversions. A passenger of UK and Pakistan heritage stored his carry-on in the overhead. His wife had spilled a bottle of polish remover (acetone) on the bag before he left (alone) for the airport, and an eagle-eyed (or perhaps eagle-nosed) FA detected the chemical smell during cruise. The flight (IIRC it was AA Antigua-BOS) was diverted to Norfolk. He was questioned and released, and the flight resumed to Boston.

One of the reasons that I think women feel it's OK to do their nails in flight is a Cosmopolitan magazine article about 12 years ago that recommended manicures as a good use of the "down time" on an airplane. I commented on that article here around 2000 or so, not sure if I can find that older thread.