Although it has been a month and a half since the question came up, I want to add some points here. Your issues are not particularly complicated but because of the timing there is room for a great deal of misinterpretation.

Our travel company works with many people who are former Soviet citizens, and in general have no problem getting a visa for them provided that they have the proper documentation (about 2-3 years ago the requirements changed). In short, for FORMER Soviet citizens they need a canceled Soviet passport containing their exit visa ("visa to Israel") OR a certificate of naturalization from the US (even though the official requirement is for both documents). This is generally considered to be evidence of giving up Soviet citizenship for purposes of granting a Russian visa. This is from the Consulate of the Russian Federation in New York's website:

Applicants who used to be citizens of the USSR or of the Russian Federation and then emigrated from the USSR or from Russia must submit one of the documents which confirms that they are no longer citizens of the Russian Federation (so called "Visa to Israel" or stamp in their passport saying that they left for "permanent residence abroad" before the 6th of February, 1992 or official document certifying that their Russian citizenship was renounced), otherwise the applications will not be accepted.
A naturalization certificate is to be submitted also.

You seem to be confused as to whether or not you are a Russian citizen (and left during probably the most confusing month in all of Russian/Soviet history). You do need to clarify that point, although I can guess that your paperwork (or that of your parents, since you probably traveled on your parents' passport) at least SHOULD have been properly stamped. I would NEVER advise someone to rely on others' experience with regards to being subject to military conscription; it might not be enforceable overseas, but it certainly is when you are on Russian territory. Remember, if you are a Russian citizen you are subject to Russian laws without the protection of your American citizenship (whether you entered on a US or a Russian passport).

I would strongly advise that, should you consider in the slightest that you are a Russian citizen, you consult an attorney who has experience in cross-border issues (more on the Russian side). Such a consultation shouldn't take long and it will provide a road map in what you need to do. Once that is done you can decide if you want to renounce your Russian citizenship (and if it is necessary). Our visa people can review the paperwork but may turn it back should there be ambiguity or the need for further research.

Also it is not too difficult to re-establish Russian citizenship-many of my colleagues have done that.