You can do it same-day at an official passport office. Unfortunately, you'll only find them in major cities. Also, you'll need to make an appointment, and I think it's consistently a lengthy wait (2 weeks or so). You should be able to call about renewal to inquire about the wait.

If you need it faster, you'll need to pay for an expediting service. There are several private companies (do a Google search) that will sell you a place in line, often the next day, for a fee.

This is of course all ridiculous if you ask me, because I suspect the passport offices have a 2 week wait because the private companies have booked up all the slots.