I believe closed accounts can stay on your record for up to 7 years. But once cancelled, It depends on cc company to file your cancellation status to credit bureau, maybe days or maybe months.

But I had 7 credit cards on file before applied both citi aadvantages and spg card and they all got approved. I had 775 credit score and 4 years average credit age. so check ur score and age see why u got declined.