I have stayed at all of these types of properties (though I usually stay at the Hilton, Doubletree and HGI brands the most). I hope I got most of these details right....
Waldorf
High-end, luxury brand comparable in quality and services to Ritz-Carlton or Four Seasons.
Hilton
Upper mid-scale, full-service business and resort brand designed with meetings and conferences in mind. The vast majority of their properties have room service, a restaurant that serves three meals, lounge and gift shop. In the U.S. this brand is found mostly in city-centers, suburban locations near business centers and large resort destinations.
Doubletree
Mid-scale, full-service business and resort brand offering meeting facilities, room service and restaurant. The quality of these properties can vary widely and their remodeling cycle doesn't seem to be as often as the Hilton brand. Many rooms include microwaves and refrigerators. (Sub-brand: Doubletree Suites - similar in offerings to Embassy Suites).
Hilton Garden Inn
Lower-priced business brand designed to offer guestroom quality similar to the Hilton brand but with reduced common-area services such as meeting space and food service. Room service is often available only in the evenings and restaurant service sometimes closed lunch. Most rooms include microwaves and refrigerators. Unlike the higher-priced brands, Internet access is free.
Embassy Suites
Family oriented brand most often located at airports, tourist destinations and in the suburbs along with city-center locations. All rooms are two-room suites that also include microwaves and refrigerators. Cooked-to-order breakfast and an evening manager's reception is free. Restaurant offerings vary, as does room service. Internet is free at some locations.
Hampton Inn
Economy-priced, limited service business brand. Meeting space is usually limited to one room holding 5-6 rounds. Food service is usually limited to lower-quality breakfast and a small manager's reception. No room service. Room quality is fairly high, though you will find limited bathroom amenities and plastic-wrapped drinkware instead of glassware. Internet is free.
Homewood Suites
Economy-priced, extended stay brand located mostly in suburban and tourist locations. Limited meeting space, food service usually limited to lower-quality breakfast and manager's reception. Rooms are outfitted with lower- to mid-quality furniture and range from studios to two-bedroom apartments. All are outfitted with fully equipped kitchens. Internet is free.