This happened to me last week as well.
I am sure you filled a claim at the airport and provided instruction for delivery?
I was traveling DAB-ATL-LAX. Priority tag and all never made it to LAX. I had a bad experience with the LAX baggage staff but I will say that Delta stepped up.
Arrived LAX at 10:45am, By 1:00pm my bag showed located online, was delivered at 2:00am the next morning to my hotel.
There really is no way to get any more status on your bag then looking online and they say they have 12 hours to deliver it. I have never tried to get something paid for, but as long as you go by the rules, have filled the claim, and submit the correct paperwork I would not see why they wouldn't pay you back.