Ignoring the TSA, I wouldn't take it. I was carrying one once (silicone grease, not caulk) and just like some fountain pens, it didn't handle the pressure difference in cabin well at all. I've carried the thing dozens of times without a problem and this one time it split the tube and got all over everything. You knew because half way through the flight you could smell it in the bin.

It's easy enough to pick up where you are heading probably.