Or an even older SF short story, name and author forgotten.

Guy has an overdue library book, computer duns him for it. Some clerk puts the wrong document number on the civil complaint for a stolen library book, making it a criminal charge of kidnapping (title of the book was "Kidnap") of the book's author. According to the computer records, the author is dead, so that makes it a death penalty case. Judge has no choice but to sentence to death based on the computer records. Guy's lawyer successfully gets a pardon from the governor for this obvious miscarriage of justice, which was swallowed up by the system enroute to the death chamber for having the wrong tracking/payment number.

It was intended as a cautionary tale against letting the computers run things without having a human sanity check. These days, you can't have a sanity check if the entire populace is insane.