1) Once the flight is booked and you have the PNR, you can manually enter the BAEC number via Manage My Booking.
2) See above - easy one you get the PNR.
3) I checked with BA, and you can use your 2-4-1 for someone outside your HHA. However if you were just redeeming miles, only someone in the HHA can use them.
4) I don't think this is strictly allowed, but since it worked the last time you did it...
5) Sorry, can't help you with airmiles as I know nothing about them!
Hope this is helpful - someone else will answer number 5, no doubt!