The HSBC ATMs at PVG (T1 and T2 International, in baggage reclaim, after the passport check) and PEK T3 allow up to 3000 RMB per transaction. But you can do multiple withdrawals up to the limit on your card. I have a HSBC card from the UK so don't get charged - not sure what (if any) charge applies to other cards.

ATMs are definitely the way to go, and are easy enough to find in the big cities - many upscale hotels will have one or more in the lobby, as will larger office buildings and major shopping malls/streets.