Welcome to the Japan Forum.

There is a "sticky" thread at the top of this group that contains some general information that may be of interest to you. Likewise, there are literally dozens of existing threads in this group that contain more suggested places to visit and things to see and do than anyone could ever do in 2 weeks. Wide open questions like yours are difficult to answer. Please look through the existing threads and then post back with more specifics.

Another suggestion is to invest in a good tourist guidebook on Japan. Even if you think you are not likely to use a book in your travels, such a resource will give you ideas to consider. Asking "what is there to see and do in Japan" is rather like asking what there is to see or do on Earth. You need to narrow the choices and a good guide will start you thinking about the options and what might be of interest to you. Look at Tokyo, Kyoto, Nara, Himeji and Kurashiki for "historical" starters.

For 1 or 2 weeks of travel around Japan, you should probably consider obtaining a Japan Rail Pass. They come in many types but the most useful are the Passes that cover the entire country. They come in 7 or 14 day versions and MUST be purchased before you arrive in Japan. The "exchange order" which you purchase from a travel agent or online source will be changed for the actual Pass after you arrive.

At any rate, there is a wealth of knowledge and experience in this group. Look through our older threads to get some ideas and then post back with more specific questions.

JR