Not, I believe, if you travel out of the US (by air or otherwise) to the so-called contiguous territories if you are on the visa-waiver program. (This can be a problem, for example, for someone travelling from, say, Europe or Australia to Canada via a US airport and spending more than 3 months in Canada if the return trip also passes through the USA.) The situation might well be different for holders of a multiple-entry US visa, however.