Travelers: Zika (and dengue, chikungunya) virus issues (2016)
Jan 20, 2016, 1:02 pm
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Travelers: Zika (and dengue, chikungunya) virus issues (2016)
There has been a lot of news recently about the Zika virus' expansion to the Americas, including Puerto Rico, and the probable relationship of Zika virus (only one of five infected will likely show significant symptoms) and instances of microcephaly in infants born of women who have been infected by Zika.
The U.S. Center's for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says, in part:
and
BBC article 25 Jan 2016 on global spread of Zika virus
and 22 Jan, from the BBC quoting CDC:
23 Feb 2026: CDC Health Alert Network. Men residing in or returning from Zika infected areas are now recommended to abstain from unprotected sex for a period of one month - and at any time with a pregnant partner. Link
27 Feb 2016: There is a trend indicating ~one in 4,000 with Zika virus may develop Guillain-Barré syndrome. Link
By the way, Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika have the same infection vector, the mosquito Aedes species. Research prior to travel helps one learn how to control risks and make a more informed decision about travel to certain areas (including areas of Caribbean, Mexico, South America and other affected areas such as Hawaii). None of these mosquito-borne diseases have available prophylaxis or vaccination, or a known cure other than symptoms abatement. There are known ways to manage risk and exposure to mosquito bites.
See
CDC Travelers' Health - Vaccines, Medicines, Advice (link)
and
Travelers' Health - Destinations Index (link) to begin with. There's plenty of information on how to minimize exposure to mosquito bites, for instance.
The U.S. Center's for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says, in part:
(15 Jan 2015) CDC has issued a travel alert (Level 2-Practice Enhanced Precautions) for people traveling to regions and certain countries where Zika virus transmission is ongoing: Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, Venezuela, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
Link
Link
"This alert follows reports in Brazil of microcephaly and other poor pregnancy outcomes in babies of mothers who were infected with Zika virus while pregnant. However, additional studies are needed to further characterize this relationship. More studies are planned to learn more about the risks of Zika virus infection during pregnancy.
Until more is known, and out of an abundance of caution, CDC recommends special precautions for pregnant women and women trying to become pregnant:
Pregnant women in any trimester should consider postponing travel to the areas where Zika virus transmission is ongoing. Pregnant women who must travel to one of these areas should talk to their doctor or other healthcare provider first and strictly follow steps to avoid mosquito bites during the trip.
Women trying to become pregnant should consult with their healthcare provider before traveling to these areas and strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites during the trip.
Because specific areas where Zika virus transmission is ongoing are difficult to determine and likely to change over time, CDC will update this travel notice as information becomes available. Check the CDC travel website frequently for the most up-to-date recommendations."
See the CDC / U. S. Center's for Disease Control and Prevention (see http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/20...us-travel.html.
Until more is known, and out of an abundance of caution, CDC recommends special precautions for pregnant women and women trying to become pregnant:
Pregnant women in any trimester should consider postponing travel to the areas where Zika virus transmission is ongoing. Pregnant women who must travel to one of these areas should talk to their doctor or other healthcare provider first and strictly follow steps to avoid mosquito bites during the trip.
Women trying to become pregnant should consult with their healthcare provider before traveling to these areas and strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites during the trip.
Because specific areas where Zika virus transmission is ongoing are difficult to determine and likely to change over time, CDC will update this travel notice as information becomes available. Check the CDC travel website frequently for the most up-to-date recommendations."
See the CDC / U. S. Center's for Disease Control and Prevention (see http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/20...us-travel.html.
and 22 Jan, from the BBC quoting CDC:
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued initial travel warnings to pregnant women last week, adding eight more places to the list on Friday. The warnings now extend to
• Central and South America: Bolivia, Ecuador, Guyana, Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, Venezuela
• Caribbean: Barbados, Saint Martin, Haiti, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe
• Oceania: Samoa
• Africa: Cape Verde
• Central and South America: Bolivia, Ecuador, Guyana, Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, Venezuela
• Caribbean: Barbados, Saint Martin, Haiti, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe
• Oceania: Samoa
• Africa: Cape Verde
27 Feb 2016: There is a trend indicating ~one in 4,000 with Zika virus may develop Guillain-Barré syndrome. Link
By the way, Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika have the same infection vector, the mosquito Aedes species. Research prior to travel helps one learn how to control risks and make a more informed decision about travel to certain areas (including areas of Caribbean, Mexico, South America and other affected areas such as Hawaii). None of these mosquito-borne diseases have available prophylaxis or vaccination, or a known cure other than symptoms abatement. There are known ways to manage risk and exposure to mosquito bites.
See
CDC Travelers' Health - Vaccines, Medicines, Advice (link)
and
Travelers' Health - Destinations Index (link) to begin with. There's plenty of information on how to minimize exposure to mosquito bites, for instance.
Last edited by JDiver; Mar 1, 2016 at 6:14 pm Reason: Update
Feb 3, 2016, 3:52 am
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By the way, Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika have the same infection vector, the mosquito Aedes aegpti. Research prior to travel helps one learn how to control risks and make a more informed decision about travel to certain areas (including areas of Caribbean, Mexico, South America and other affected areas such as Hawaii). None of these mosquito-borne diseases have available prophylaxis or vaccination, or a known cure other than symptoms abatement. There are known ways to manage risk and exposure to mosquito bites.
http://m.voanews.com/a/us-officials-...s/3174493.html
CDC seems to not rule out this also having an STD vector.
Feb 14, 2016, 2:18 pm
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Zika apparently has an infection vector that goes beyond just bites from infected mosquito. The US has authorities who claim to have confirmed infection transmission via human-to-human sexual contact.
http://m.voanews.com/a/us-officials-...s/3174493.html
CDC seems to not rule out this also having an STD vector.
http://m.voanews.com/a/us-officials-...s/3174493.html
CDC seems to not rule out this also having an STD vector.
Men who have recently visited Zika areas, IMO, should abstain from unprotected sexual contact for a period of time. Incubation time is assumed 2 - 7 days, duration another seven. But that's mostly anecdotal and not clinically demonstrated yet, afaik.
Those men alternately might wish to consult with a physician and at least use a condom - perhaps combined with spermicides, or condoms treated with spermicides like nonoxynol-9 - because nothing here is intended as or to be implied as medical advice.
Last edited by JDiver; Feb 14, 2016 at 3:11 pm Reason: Typoe
Feb 15, 2016, 5:07 am
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That is correct. Sexual transmission via sperm from men who had contracted Zika virus, as well as perinatally and via blood transfusion.
Men who have recently visited Zika areas, IMO, should abstain from unprotected sexual contact for a period of time. Incubation time is assumed 2 - 7 days, duration another seven. But that's mostly anecdotal and not clinically demonstrated yet, afaik.
Those men alternately might wish to consult with a physician and at least use a condom - perhaps combined with spermicides, or condoms treated with spermicides like nonoxynol-9 - because nothing here is intended as or to be implied as medical advice.
Men who have recently visited Zika areas, IMO, should abstain from unprotected sexual contact for a period of time. Incubation time is assumed 2 - 7 days, duration another seven. But that's mostly anecdotal and not clinically demonstrated yet, afaik.
Those men alternately might wish to consult with a physician and at least use a condom - perhaps combined with spermicides, or condoms treated with spermicides like nonoxynol-9 - because nothing here is intended as or to be implied as medical advice.
Feb 20, 2016, 6:06 pm
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I've not yet read anything here that does discriminate on the basis of gender. There are gender-based suggestions because at this juncture it seems very rare for men to get pregnant or women to produce sperm.
Mar 1, 2016, 6:20 pm
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CDC HEALTH ALERT NETWORK: An official CDC Health Advisory
Update: Interim Guidelines for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus — United States, 2016
New guidelines regarding sexual contact and Zika virus, particularly recommendations for men and their pregnant and nonpregnant sex partners.
Link
Update: Interim Guidelines for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus — United States, 2016
New guidelines regarding sexual contact and Zika virus, particularly recommendations for men and their pregnant and nonpregnant sex partners.
Link
Mar 2, 2016, 9:51 am
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CDC HEALTH ALERT NETWORK: An official CDC Health Advisory
Update: Interim Guidelines for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus — United States, 2016
New guidelines regarding sexual contact and Zika virus, particularly recommendations for men and their pregnant and nonpregnant sex partners.
Link
Update: Interim Guidelines for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus — United States, 2016
New guidelines regarding sexual contact and Zika virus, particularly recommendations for men and their pregnant and nonpregnant sex partners.
Link
Apr 16, 2016, 4:50 am
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May 17, 2016, 5:33 am
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Does anyone know about safety precautions for traveling to Manaus this summer due to Zika? If one is completely covered and wearing mosquito repellant, might that be enough?
Jul 15, 2016, 1:38 pm
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Women -- pregnant or not -- with Zika can pass on the Zika virus to men and intersex persons via bodily fluid transmissions. And, in turn, those men infected by women (rather than directly by insects) with the Zika virus can pass on the Zika virus to those who may or may not get pregnant but have not themselves been bitten by an insect with Zika. But this is a lower priority concern for various health authorities than primary transmissions of Zika from Zika-infected, insect-bitten men to women.
http://www.npr.org/sections/health-s...ka-through-sex
Last edited by GUWonder; Jul 15, 2016 at 2:04 pm
Sep 6, 2016, 2:47 am
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Some airlines have Zika virus related waivers in place for ticket changes/cancellations. Is there any collection of the specific Zika travel policies of the various airlines?