Connection time?
 

Would an hour and a half be enough to arrive, claim baggage, and check into another airline for a flight to the US? That seems to be the best I can do without spending a night.

Plenty of time. The longest walk (from E pier to bag collection is about 20 mins walk).

Are you sure you need to collect your bags?

If so:

Gate to bags: 20 mins (max)
Wait for bags: 15 mins
Walk up 1 level to check in: 10 mins
Checkin: 5-30 mins (depends if you have status with the airline)
Customs:10 mins
Customs to gate: 20 mins (max)