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Boeing 737 MAX 8 crashes and effects on AA 737 MAX 8s (NOT reaccommodation)

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Old Mar 12, 2019, 12:03 pm
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This thread is dedicated to the effect on AA from the October 29, 2018 and March 10, 2019 crashes if two Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft in Indonesia and Ethiopia, respectively.

To discuss the probable and limited return of the Boeing MAX to service with AA at the end of 2020 and increasingly in 2021, please see

American Planning 737 MAX Service Restoration (Limited Dec and 2021)

To discuss reaccommodation by AA subsequent to the grounding of all Boeing MAX 8s and 9s by the US Federal Aviation Administration on 13 March 2019, please refer to 737 MAX grounded 13 Mar 2019. What to do if you were supposed to fly on one?

13 March 2019: All US airline Boeing 737 MAX 8 and 9 aircraft are grounded by US Federal Aviation Administration emergency order. AA has removed all 737 MAX 8 from scheduling through...
“Based on the latest guidance, the airline anticipates that the resumption of scheduled commercial service on American’s fleet of Boeing 737 MAX aircraft will occur (limited schedule Dec 2020).

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The thread regarding the 10 March 2019 Ethiopian Airlines ET 302 737 MAX 8 crash out of Adis Ababa is Ethiopian Airlines: Boeing 737 Max 8 crashes on way to Kenya [ET302 ADD-NBO 10MAR19]. Link.

The thread regarding the 29 October 2018 Lion Air JT 610 737 MAX 8 crash out of Jakarta is Lion Air flight from Jakarta has crashed
. Link.

The best narrative and information available is probably the Aviation Herald’s Crash: Lion B38M near Jakarta on Oct 29th 2018, aircraft lost height and crashed into Java Sea, wrong AoA data, by Simon Hradecky, created Friday, Oct 25th 2019 13:35Z, last updated Friday, Oct 25th 2019 16:05Z. Link.

American Airlines ordered 100 Boeing 737 MAX 8 (7M8) with options for 60 more. The first 737 MAX -8 flew at the assembly facility in Renton, WAshington, USA on 29 Jan 2016. Deliveries to AA commenced in late in 2017, with four delivered in 2017,16 more during 2018, with 20 more to be delivered during 2019. IATA code B38M; AA code "7M8".

Link to the story of how 737 MAX’ birth in the DFW Admirals Club and the forces that shaped it.

29 October 2018: Indonesian carrier Lion Air Flight 610 on October 29 crashed into the sea soon after takeoff with the loss of all aboard, apparently due to the erroneous data from a faulty Angle of Attack sensor, which caused the MCAS (Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System) to assume the plane was about to stall, which activated the downward force on the Stabilizer Trim to get the nose down. Link to BBC article.

Link to Aviation Herald discussion.

Link to FlyerTalk airline forum thread regarding this incident.

“Instead of switching off the Stabilizer Trim the pilots appear to have battled the system.” Link

This aircraft had been written up as having a faulty AOA indicator for the previous three flights it had taken. It is unclear if Lion Air had performed adequate maintenance procedures after the reports or withdraw the aircraft from service until the fault could be completely cleared.

7 November 2018: The US Federal Aviation Administration / FAA issued an Airworthiness Directive (AD note) covering the AOA within a few days, giving US airlines 30 days to comply with the AD.

7 November 2018: Boeing issued revised operating instructions covering the revised MCAS used in the MAX 8, updating the MAX operations manual. See the manual update and the switches referenced in this post.

See “What is the Boeing 737 MAX Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System?”, updated November 17 to explain the MCAS and electric trim override operation, here: link.

10 March 10, 2019: An Ethiopian Airlines 737 MAX 8 departing Addis Ababa to Nairobi turned back to the airport soon after takeoff, but crashed with the loss of all aboard.

Link to BBC article.

Link to Aviation Herald discussion.

Link to FlyerTalk airline forum thread regarding this incident.

10 March 10, 2019: The US National Transportation Board / NTSB has dispatched an investigation team, as have Boeing, to Addis Ababa to assist the Ethiopian investigators in determining the cause(s) of the crash. The “black boxes” (cockpit voice and the flight data recorder have been recovered.

A revised MCAS is in the works, and the FAA is expected to issue an AD note when the MCAS update is done. This is expected to occur in May, 2019.

11 March 2019: China grounded its 737 MAX 8 (not MAX 9) fleet.

11 March 2019: the US FAA stated it would not ground US (AA, AS, UA, WN) 737 MAX aircraft at this time.

Link to FAA Airworthiness Notification for USA registered B38M aircraft PDF.

Link to Wall Street Journal article.

11 March 2019: AA APFA Flight Attendant union spokesperson asked AA to ground the MAX 8s. (TPG)

11 March 2019: AA pilots through their APA union have requested passengers allow the investigators do their work and refrain from jumping to conclusions. “We caution against speculation about what may have caused this tragic accident,” the Air Line Pilots Association said in a statement. (TPG)

12 March 2019: The nation members of the European Union, the United Kingdom and several other nations ban their airlines’ operation, and other airlines’ overflight or flights, of the B38M aircraft. Link to New York Times article.

12 March 2019: Other USA airlines operating 737 MAX aircraft (of all types) are United (UA), Southwest (WN). AS has ordered the MAX 9, but deliveries have not yet been made.

Link to The Points Guy “how to tell if you’re flying a 737 MAX 8” article

13 March 2019: American Airlines pilots’ union APA issues statement in support of the AA B38M: “The AA APA spokesman says AA's MAX 8s have additional indicators on the planes, which others do not have. He says they're the only ones equipped with TWO AOA displays - one for each pilot. This, I guess, is why AA feels they can keep flying the MAX 8. The spokesman said he felt UA and SW (WN) were getting these added to their MAX planes. “ - Econometrics

https://www.cnbc.com/video/2019/03/1...ilot-says.html

13 March 2019: Canada grounds Canadian B38M aircraft. The US is the sole remaining nation to allow operation of the 737 MAX 8. Link to USA Today article.

13 March 2019: US Federal Aviation Administration issues emergency order for immediate grounding all USA airline operated Boeing 737 MAX 8 and 9 aircraft, effectively immediately. Link NYT story.

13 March 2019: American Airlines issues announcement of 7M8 grounding. Link to PDF. According to AA:

On average, American operates 85 flights per day on the MAX 8, out of 6,700 departures throughout the American Airlines system. Our operations center is working to re-route aircraft throughout the system to cover as much of our schedule as we can.
13 March 2019: AA issues policy allowing those scheduled for 7M8 flights through April 4 to refund or change without fees for cancellations, or to make free changes to their flight plans. See the thread linked to at the top of this Wiki for a link.

14 March 2019: It is announced the French BEA will retrieve the data from the Ethiopian Cockpit Voice Recorder and Flight Data Recorder.

Link to Eight things you might not know about black boxes
By Cristen Tilley, ABC Australia

15 March 2019: BBC article states FAA says the MAX will not be cleared for flight at least until May. Link to story.

15 March 2019: On the other hand, CNBC states Boeing will have the anti-stall software update for the MAX ready in ten days, and that the FAA is expected to sign off on the modification on March 25, 2019.

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Boeing 737 MAX 8 crashes and effects on AA 737 MAX 8s (NOT reaccommodation)

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Old Mar 14, 2019, 10:07 pm
  #406  
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Originally Posted by ashill
Honestly, I'm not sure I agree here. The air transportation industry is incredibly safe.
Agree completely.

300 people is about three days worth of automobile fatalities in the US alone.
True, but non sequitur.

An auto crash has very bad consequences for that person or persons, but in the universe of possible outcomes, death is relatively uncommon in such an incident.

In the air, if you crash, you and 150 to 400 other people are dead. It is quite uncommon to escape a plane going into the ground at 300+mph. And your families are affected. And their friends and families. And their work colleagues and companies. Air crashes are kind of the atomic bomb of preventable mass casualties in our world. Their effects are orders of magnitude more destructive to human and social structures than the unfortunate car crash killing one or three or five. I know that every single life has worth and meaning, but it is our own intelligence that has created situations where it's even possible to kill hundreds of people outside of war or terrorism in one fell swoop.

So, to paraphrase Uncle Ben, with great intelligence and power comes great responsibility. If the associated people and companies making up the airline industry are going to profit as they do from this glorious transportation option, then they absolutely must be relentless and focused and deferential to safety at every single turn. Every second of every day. Not a damn platitude that says "safety is our number one concern." You had damn well better actualize that in absolutely everything you do.

It's my opinion that Boeing took their eye off the ball, focusing on how to get another several billion dollars out of a 60-year-old airplane design rather than starting from a clean sheet. Could the MAX be just as safe as any other plane? Certainly. But only with a relentless, focused, absolute deference to safety at every single turn. I think we'll find that there were at least a couple of turns in which Boeing decided they could settle, or get away with, or "make it work." That is not a relentless, focused, absolute deference to safety at every single turn. That's greed.

Nothing about this is new. See Titanic, 1912. It was the glorious transportation option at the time. Hubris by the shipbuilders in that case. I strongly suspect hubris by Boeing in this case.

The very fact that we have extremely safe air transportation does not and cannot mean that you can lean back and relax. Relentless. Focused. Deferential to safety at every single turn. It's the only way to not only keep us extremely safe, but to not slide backward even an iota.
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Old Mar 14, 2019, 11:45 pm
  #407  
 
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I received the most incredible "A message from American Airlines" this evening, which says, in part, "...be assured the safety and security of our customers and team members is always our top priority and we will never operate an unsafe aircraft."
With a statement like that, I cannot believe ANYTHING coming from this company.
I do believe they would never intentionally operate an unsafe aircraft, but it seems to me the eventual discovery of what has happened with these crashes is that the 737 Max truly is, and was, an unsafe aircraft.
Similar words from Boeing, about wanting to make a "safe" aircraft even safer are similarly tone-deaf to reality.

All I can say is those who have defended Boeing, the FAA, and the US airlines who chose to continue flying should count their lucky stars no US-operated airline crashed a Max. It would only have been a matter of time.
And, the pilots who denigrate anyone who cannot handle a computer that is determined to put the plane in a fatal nose dive during the first minutes of flight - you should thank your lucky stars you didn't actually have to test your theory with a runaway plane.

As more details come out about what happened to the Ethiopian flight, I suspect we'll find that before the crash, the plane may have hit the ground damaging the airframe and contributing to the smoke and debris observers saw before it went nose-down into its horrific finale.
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Old Mar 15, 2019, 2:30 am
  #408  
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All Boeing 737 Max 8 and 9 aircraft will remain grounded at least until May after the fatal Ethiopian Airlines crash on Sunday, the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has said. - BBC, 15 March 2019 - link

Last edited by JDiver; Mar 15, 2019 at 2:44 am
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Old Mar 15, 2019, 7:27 am
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Originally Posted by DenverBrian
Agree completely.
It's my opinion that Boeing took their eye off the ball, focusing on how to get another several billion dollars out of a 60-year-old airplane design rather than starting from a clean sheet. Could the MAX be just as safe as any other plane? Certainly. But only with a relentless, focused, absolute deference to safety at every single turn. I think we'll find that there were at least a couple of turns in which Boeing decided they could settle, or get away with, or "make it work." That is not a relentless, focused, absolute deference to safety at every single turn. That's greed.
I think this is the key. It has bothered me greatly from day 1 that Boeing continues to milk such an old design. At some point, they need to design from scratch. I don't think the MAX designs and concepts are bad. I just feel that they used too many bandaids to apply it to an old design, and that's why we are seeing issues.
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Old Mar 15, 2019, 8:00 am
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Originally Posted by bchandler02
I think this is the key. It has bothered me greatly from day 1 that Boeing continues to milk such an old design. At some point, they need to design from scratch. I don't think the MAX designs and concepts are bad. I just feel that they used too many bandaids to apply it to an old design, and that's why we are seeing issues.
That's what happens when you start losing $billions of orders to your rival... you scamper to get pieces of that pie as quickly and cheaply as you can.
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Old Mar 15, 2019, 8:17 am
  #411  
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Originally Posted by bchandler02
I think this is the key. It has bothered me greatly from day 1 that Boeing continues to milk such an old design. At some point, they need to design from scratch. I don't think the MAX designs and concepts are bad. I just feel that they used too many bandaids to apply it to an old design, and that's why we are seeing issues.
Boeing 748s have origins that date to the original 747 of the late 60s. Airbus A330-900s have origins that date to the first Airbus, the A300 of the early 70s. It seems they both fly just fine. Let's leave aerospace engineering to the professionals.
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Old Mar 15, 2019, 8:22 am
  #412  
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Originally Posted by bchandler02
I think this is the key. It has bothered me greatly from day 1 that Boeing continues to milk such an old design. At some point, they need to design from scratch. I don't think the MAX designs and concepts are bad. I just feel that they used too many bandaids to apply it to an old design, and that's why we are seeing issues.
However, the problem with this approach is that a completely new design is more likely to have flaws/problems that a partially re-used old and tested design.
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Old Mar 15, 2019, 9:00 am
  #413  
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Originally Posted by MSPeconomist
However, the problem with this approach is that a completely new design is more likely to have flaws/problems that a partially re-used old and tested design.
The 777 was a clean sheet design, and it's been outstanding in terms of safety. @:-)
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Old Mar 15, 2019, 9:49 am
  #414  
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Originally Posted by DenverBrian
The 777 was a clean sheet design, and it's been outstanding in terms of safety. @:-)
Same can be said for the A380.
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Old Mar 15, 2019, 10:04 am
  #415  
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Interesting article here about the 737 modifications over the years:
https://www.msn.com/en-us/travel/new...cid=spartanntp
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Old Mar 15, 2019, 11:05 am
  #416  
 
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Originally Posted by bchandler02
I think this is the key. It has bothered me greatly from day 1 that Boeing continues to milk such an old design. At some point, they need to design from scratch. I don't think the MAX designs and concepts are bad. I just feel that they used too many bandaids to apply it to an old design, and that's why we are seeing issues.
I remember Boeing was considering doing a clean sheet narrowbody to respond to A320NEO. But airlines wanted an updated 737 sooner rather than a clean sheet airplane later. When AA placed that massive Airbus order in 2011, I think it forced Boeing to scramble and rush the 737MAX design to maintain share.
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Old Mar 15, 2019, 11:10 am
  #417  
 
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Originally Posted by Austin787
I remember Boeing was considering doing a clean sheet narrowbody to respond to A320NEO. But airlines wanted an updated 737 sooner rather than a clean sheet airplane later. When AA placed that massive Airbus order in 2011, I think it forced Boeing to scramble and rush the 737MAX design to maintain share.
That seems to be the catalyst, yes.

https://theaircurrent.com/aviation-s...n-the-737-max/
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Old Mar 15, 2019, 11:45 am
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I read this morning they found a trim jackscrew at the accident site set in the 'dive' position, which was a big reason for the US to ground the fleet:

https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/piec...o-dive-2008100
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Old Mar 15, 2019, 12:15 pm
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Originally Posted by LAS2
I read this morning they found a trim jackscrew at the accident site set in the 'dive' position, which was a big reason for the US to ground the fleet:

https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/piec...o-dive-2008100
Not exactly a big surprise. I think everybody though it was always highly likely that the automated controls had pushed the stabalizer trim down. The real question is how and why the pilot reacted. One article notes this:
The jackscrew was found in a position that would have raised the leading edge of the stabilizer up, which would have forced the nose down. Fixing a condition known as “runaway trim” would have been easy, a matter of turning off a couple of switches.
AFAIK, this is wrong. The trim switches on the yoke will override the autopilot pushing the stabalizer on other 737s, but will not override the MAX's MCAS system. The pilot has to completely shutdown electronic control via a switch then use a hand crank to adjust it.

Presumably the pilot did not mechanically override the system (else the jackscrew would have been screwed back "up" via the cable he would have cranked).

So why?

The bigger question is this. The MCAS system was added because the MAX is not stable w/o it. If the system can not be relied on, is the plane safe?

As far as the software fix, call me a skeptic until and unless it is proved out. If it is no more that basically an emergency shutoff of the system, then you are back to the issue of potential stalls it was designed to avoid.

I think reactions to crashes are generally way oevrblown. But this one could be really bad for Boeing consider how large the order book is for the MAX .
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Last edited by exwannabe; Mar 15, 2019 at 12:20 pm
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Old Mar 15, 2019, 2:57 pm
  #420  
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Originally Posted by exwannabe
Not exactly a big surprise. I think everybody though it was always highly likely that the automated controls had pushed the stabalizer trim down. The real question is how and why the pilot reacted. One article notes this:

AFAIK, this is wrong. The trim switches on the yoke will override the autopilot pushing the stabalizer on other 737s, but will not override the MAX's MCAS system. The pilot has to completely shutdown electronic control via a switch then use a hand crank to adjust it.

Presumably the pilot did not mechanically override the system (else the jackscrew would have been screwed back "up" via the cable he would have cranked).

So why?

The bigger question is this. The MCAS system was added because the MAX is not stable w/o it. If the system can not be relied on, is the plane safe?

As far as the software fix, call me a skeptic until and unless it is proved out. If it is no more that basically an emergency shutoff of the system, then you are back to the issue of potential stalls it was designed to avoid.

I think reactions to crashes are generally way oevrblown. But this one could be really bad for Boeing consider how large the order book is for the MAX .
It sounds like a complex scenario, and if the patch is also complex, pilots would be prone to mess it up. Regardless, the patch would need to be tested for a while in real life. I am starting thinking that either way the Max would likely remain a problematic a/c that needs to be avoided. And if this becomes complex to manage, probably switch flying to DL to solve most of the problem would be the answer, for those who can.

Take-off and climb are the most stressful and dangerous phases of flying anyway, I don't need more stress....Even if they are only "incidents", I'd rather not experience any unexpected nosedives and traumatize myself, I will pass...
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Last edited by nk15; Mar 15, 2019 at 3:04 pm
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