Go Back  FlyerTalk Forums > Miles&Points > Airlines and Mileage Programs > American Airlines | AAdvantage
Reload this Page >

FAQ: What's a Systemwide Upgrade / SWU / VIP and how to use? (Master thread)

Community
Wiki Posts
Search
Old Dec 12, 2015, 8:55 pm
FlyerTalk Forums Expert How-Tos and Guides
Last edit by: Prospero
FAQ: What's a Systemwide Upgrade SWU (ex-VIP / VIPOW / "eVIP") 2017 on
Please read this wiki for important information not documented elsewhere.
NOTE: CHANGES

NOTE: SWUs are no longer automatically awarded upon achieving Platinum Pro (PP) or Executive Platinum (EXP) status. Starting in the 2021 calendar year, AA switched to Elite Choice Awards. When a member achieves PP status, the member earns one Elite Choice Award. If the member goes on to achieve EXP status, the member earns two additional elite choice awards. Each elite choice award can be redeemed until 12/31 of the following year (example: a member who reaches PP in July 2021 has until December 31, 2022 to redeem the elite choice award). A PP elite choice award can be redeemed for one SWU or other choices; each EXP elite choice award can be redeemed for two SWUs or other choices. Therefore, a member who reaches EXP can choose from one to five SWUs. When an elite choice award is redeemed for one or two SWUs, the SWU(s) are immediately deposited, and expire one year from the day they are deposited.

NOTE: SWUs awarded in 2019 expiring 31 Jan 2021 have been extended through 31 July 2021; this is now reflected in online accounts.

NOTE: Upgrade waitlist priority is 1) Status, followed by 2) type of upgrade, 3)Rolling EQD earning for last 365 days as of 20 May 2017. Link to FT thread.
  • Executive Platinum members receive an additional two SWUs (or may choose bonus miles or to gift status) when they reach 120,000, 160,000 and 200,000 EQMs in 2021 (which includes January and February 2022).
(No further SWUs are forthcoming at 250,000 EQM or after, though CK often have access to two more.)

Remember: EQM earning will vary from 0 to 3.0 EQM per base mile, based on eligible fare class and marketing airline, on EQM earning fares.

As of January 2017

"The way your upgrade request is prioritized is you'll be listed according to your elite status level followed by (the type of upgrade - SWU and Upgrade Award, aka miles + copay), the number of EQD (Elite Qualifying Dollars) earned in the (rolling) last 12 months."

Upgrades are prioritized first by the following elite status levels:

Concierge Key SM (up to 120 hours out)
Executive Platinum (up to 100 hours out)
Platinum Pro (up to 72 hours out)
Platinum (up to 48 hours out)
Gold (up to 24 hours out)

After status tier, upgrades are prioritized by the type of upgrade (SWU and miles + copay before 500 Mile e-upgrades / UDU; your last 12 months' Elite Qualifying Dollar spend on AA. See FAQ: Earning EQD / Elite Qualifying Dollars on AA and partner airlines (2017 on) (EQD will include the EQD offset one might earn from spend on their Barclaycard Aviator Red or Silver card, as announced elsewhere in this forum.)

Date of request has no bearing on upgrade priority other than after all other priorities have been met and there’s a highly unlikely tie.

From AA.com... "Before you get to the airport, requests for systemwide and mileage award upgrades are processed independently from 500-mile upgrade requests.

At the airport, upgrades requested will be prioritized in this order:
  1. Status tier (CK, EXP, PPRO, PLT, GLD, no status)
  2. Upgrade type
    • Systemwide and mileage + copay upgrades
    • 500-mile upgrades on purchased tickets
    • 500-mile upgrades on award tickets for eligible status tiers
  3. Rolling last 12 month EQD spend
  4. Fare booking code (highest to lowest )
  5. Date/time of the request
  6. Load Factor Based Upgrades (after all other upgrade requests have been fulfilled)

See: https://www.aa.com/i18n/aadvantage-p...am-updates.jsp

Systemwide Upgrade FAQ:

Q. What are Systemwide Upgrades, exactly?


Electronic Systemwide Upgrades, abbreviated SWU, also previously referred to as eVIPs or VIPs, are electronic instruments earned as stated previously. SWU generally allow the owner to upgrade up to three segments, more or less in the same direction, on any flights AA flies with their own aircraft (not valid on partners or codeshares -- flights must be marketed and operated by AA), on most paid, published fares to the next class of service. (Successful upgrades on a single SWU include EZE-MIA-JFK-LHR, NRT-LAX-DFW-LHR.)

Q. When do SWU clear?
Upgrades can clear immediately if the appropriate inventory is available (e.g., Coach to Business (and domestic First on two class aircraft) requires "C" class to be available, Business to First requires "A" class to be available). Otherwise, SWU may be waitlisted in priority of AAdvantage status, followed by last 12 months EQD spend (and within those, by fare class if they are full fare Y).

Q. Can I use SWU on codeshares operated by AA?
No. (Though 001 AA ticketing is not a requirement), the flight must be marketed and operated by AA.

Q. Are any fare classes ineligible / invalid for SWU upgrades?
Some government and consolidator fares may not be upgraded. Award flights may not be upgraded with SWU. See post #683 by JonNYC:

Invalid (for SWU upgrade)
  • Military fares*
  • Government fares*
  • Agency/industry discounts
  • Employee travel booked in E
  • AAdvantage/promotion free or companion tickets
  • Ticket designators that require a certificate (CEN20, etc.) - contact MSD to verify
  • MSD Site products (ticket designator SITE)
  • CAT25/CAT25 Group Fares for MCLA
  • Charter flights
  • Infant tickets
  • Purchased extra seats (one passenger)
  • Opaque fares
  • Award tickets

*The reason for not allowing SWU / eVIP upgrades to be used in conjunction with a military/government fare is not based on the fare level (although they are discounted), but rather it is based on the full flexibility those fares provide. Military/government fares provide a huge benefit to the customer already in that they can be booked at the last minute and canceled or changed with no advance notice and no penalties. As such, they are not allowed to be used in conjunction with a SWU.

Can I still make use of my SWU and credit the flight(s) to another airline?
You are not supposed to. If switching from AAdvantage to another scheme's FFN, please be aware: Benefitting from a privilege granted for your AAdvantage status and changing your FFN to earn on another airline is generally prohibited by AAdvantage Terms and Conditions. Doing so might risk that benefit (e.g. upgrade).

From the AAdvantage Terms and Conditions (link)

Q. Can I see SWU eligible flights on aa.com? If not, where?
aa.com will show if a flight has SWU availability, provided the member is logged in and has sufficient SWUs in their account. One can see required inventory (A or C) using ExpertFlyer Upgrade and Award query (not Flight Availability query) or other tools.

Q. What is the priority order for SWU wait list clearing?
Priority for wait listing is based first on AAdvantage status of requestor, then by rolling EQD earning during las 12 months; within those criteria, full fare (J or Y) trumps discounted fares.

NOTE: once the booking goes to airport control you may have to request your SWU request be reactivated. Those travel companions previously prioritized by the sponsor's status no longer revert to their own status at airport control.

Q. How do I know if my SWU request has been waitlisted?
The app as well as the web page shows requested and confirmed upgrades.

If my SWU clears on AA but the flights is cancelled or delayed, and I get put on another AA or partner flight, will my upgrade be preserved / honored?

On AA and Joint Business Venture partners (AY, BA, IB, JL, QF), AA will attempt to honor the upgrade. On other airline partners it is unlikely.

Q. Can I gift SWUs to others, and will my or their status apply?
You may certainly gift SWU to others. They will have to provide you their information, including PNR, and you will have to call it in. Your status can carry over to one traveling companion (on your itinerary) until the SWU passes to airport control; otherwise, SWU priority will depend on the user's AAdvantage status followed by date of upgrade request.

Q. What if I apply a SWU to a traveling companion?
They will “borrow” your status if they are flying as your single traveling companion on the same flights. Otherwise, their status will determine their position on the upgrade wait list. This "borrowed" status was previously lost once the flight has gone to airport control; it doesn’t now, but it pays to check and see if it has been mismanaged by software - it can be restored when it has passed to airport control.

Q. Can I sell or purchase SWUs to / from others (e.g. on eBay or CraigsList)?
While SWU may be gifted to others, AAdvantage rules prohibit selling / purchasing, trading or bartering various instruments, including SWU. A sold SWU will, if caught by AA Corporate Security AAdvantage Fraud (and they actively seek these out), cause SWU / upgrade cancellation at minimum and may even include closing the seller's account with forfeiture of miles, upgrade instruments and even elite status.


Further useful details about using SWU

● Members who achieve Platinum Pro (PP) status receive one Elite Choice Award, which may be redeemed for one SWU (among other choices). Members who achieve PP between 1/1/2021 and 2/28/2022 have until 12/31/2022 to redeem the Elite Choice Award. If an SWU is chosen, the SWU is immediately deposited and expires one year from the date deposited.

● Members who achieve Executive Platinum (EXP) status receive two Elite Choice Awards, each of which may be redeemed for two SWUs (among other choices). Members who achieve EXP between 1/1/2021 and 2/28/2022 have until 12/31/2022 to redeem their Elite Choice Awards. If two SWUs are chosen for an award, the SWUs are immediately deposited and expire one year from the date deposited.

● Members who reach 120,000, 160,000 or 200,000 EQMs between 1/1/2021 and 2/28/2022 may choose two SWUs (or additional redeemable miles or a gift of status) upon reaching 120,000, 160,000 and 200,000 EQMs.

Two SWUs (more) are earned by Concierge Key members.

Four SWUs are earned by those crossing Million Miler thresholds of 2MM and every Million Miles milestone thereafter.

● SWUs may be transferred or gifted (not bargained, bartered or sold) to anyone the owner chooses - the owner must authorize the transfer and provide at minimum the designated person's name, frequent flyer #, and PNR. Note fees and taxes may be due, such as APD / Air Passenger Duty due for flights originating in the UK (or with connections exceeding 23:59).

● AA tends to protect passengers granted upgrades with SWUs if IROPS move them to other oneworld flights, particularly JBV partners (AA, AY, BA, IB, JL, preserving already granted upgrades (not waitlisted).

● N.B. A customer may use an SWU to upgrade a flight that departs after the SWU's expiration date, provided the SWU clears (the upgrade is confirmed) and the ticket is (re)issued before the SWU expires. (Previously this had been allowed only for 'high value' customers). See for example:

https://thepointsguy.com/news/americ...wide-upgrades/

● N.B. In the good old days, if there were not sufficient C space (e.g., a party of three but only two upgrades available), agents could ask Revenue Management to release an additional seat, which revenue management sometimes would. This is no longer done, even for CK.

● If you don't want to wait list your SWU so that it automatically encumbered when a domestic segment becomes available for upgrade, but only want the domestic segments to clear if the international segment clears, ask the AA EP agent to waitlist the international portion but "DSR" the domestic segments; that way, the domestic segments will only clear if the international segment clears. Note: it's possible that the domestic segment has SWU upgrade inventory initially, but by the time the international flight becomes available to upgrade, availability is gone on the domestic flight.

● SWU application can include co-terminals: JonNYC, post #601: "This is the current list of MAC airports, and, as far as I understand it, are generally recognized for revenue tickets including SWU application to same:
  • WAS (DCA, IAD)
  • DFW (DFW, DAL)
  • HOU (HOU, IAH)
  • NYC (JFK, LGA) (I think there is a separate rule that says EWR is always part of NYC for this purpose as well)
  • LON (LGW, LHR, STN)
  • SLU (UVF, SLU)
  • TYO (HND, NRT)

UK Air Passenger Duty / APD for LHR/UK departures: (Often incorrectly called "Luxury tax"): Departing from the UK (or on a layover of 24:00 or longer via the U.K.), you'll be charged the full APD (the lowest cabin class - usually economy - pays only half APD). This applies for upgrades to business only. Upgrading business to first doesn't incur this, (since your business ticket already included the full APD). This does not apply TO the U.K. or to connecting in under 24:00 in the U.K. Other airports may impose other taxes, e.g. HKG is USD $2.80.

● Through (two flights with the same flight number, or through flights with stops) flights pose challenges insofar as upgrade availability must exist on all sectors. You may have to call AA to use a SWU on through flights.


Suggested reading:

aa.com: SYSTEMWIDE UPGRADES AND FAQS

FlyerTalk: Upgrades / SWUs / eVIPs and UK APD / Air Passenger Duty questions

New *internal* changes will 90%+ eliminate post-expiration use of SWUs by JonNYC

This post in the thread entitled "Reversing Use of SWU. Is this possible?" (it is not. AA no longer allows cancelling a SWU and substituting "stickers".)


MODERATOR NOTE
Archived posts from 2017 may be read here.

Posts prior to 2016 may be read here: ARCHIVE: SWU / VIP / eVIP Systemwide Upgrade questions

NOTE: This thread is for the discussion of the mechanics of AA systemwide upgrades. For "chance of upgrade clearing" questions, please use this thread: 2015 Chances of Upgrade Clearing and Upgrade Availability Discussion (consolidated)

Please note there is a separate thread discussing lost / missing/ misappropriated SWUs:
Missing / someone else used / unauthorized use my SWU / VIP / eVIP (merged)

American AAdvantage Forum Moderator Team
FAQ: Internal IT changes eliminate 90+% of post-expiry SWU use 26 Jun 2014
Q. I've been able to encumber expiring SWU past their expiration date if I find the proper upgrade inventory available prior to that date. Is this feature still available to Executive Platinum members?

A. Not for most. The option was possible due to software limitations. New software, AAcoRN, put into place 26 June 2014, will prevent this from occurring for "unqualified" members; only "qualified" members will be allowed to encumber SWU past their expiry date in the future. (See post #1)

Q. How do I know if I am a "qualified" member?

A. You can try to call and encumber expiring SWU past their expiry. If you are not allowed to, you aren't.

Q. So, exactly who does AA consider "qualified"?

A. A very high value AAdvantage member, as measured by the internal "Helix" system, which assigns an "Eagles" ranking from 1 to 5 (the more, the better).

Q. I've never heard of this. When did it start?

A. AA's rating system was originally based on three colors, green, yellow and red, which changed to 1-3 Eagles and was later expanded to 1-5 Eagles.

Q. How are Eagles scores assigned? Are they static, or do they change?

A. It has been said spend and fare classes (think lots of annual travel in fare classes of D and above) may affect your Eagles score, as well as OSO and negative incidents you have experienced that might result in your moving your custom to another airline. It is also said your Helix score is updated periodically, perhaps even nightly.

Q. How can I find out my Helix score / how many Eagles I have?

A. You can't. AA employees are not empowered to discuss the Helix system with customers. If you normally get extra SWU once you've made EP, are allowed to extend SWU use and find EP desk agents are willing to bend rules for you often, speculative, you might have 4-5 Eagles rating.

Q. So, this is a hidden tier higher than Executive Platinum?

A. No, because it doesn't give you privileges beyond EP beyond those mentioned, e.g. courtesy Club membership or additional priority for boarding or upgrades, like Concierge Key may.

Q. Do others than Executive Platinum have Helix / Eagles scores?

A. It can be safely assumed all AAdvantage members have such scores.
Print Wikipost

FAQ: What's a Systemwide Upgrade / SWU / VIP and how to use? (Master thread)

Thread Tools
 
Search this Thread
 
Old Aug 23, 2018, 6:12 pm
  #301  
 
Join Date: Oct 2014
Posts: 120
When there's no available C space, and J is currently fully booked: Is "waitlisting" a SWU in case someone cancels right before the flight an option?
Specifically I'm on a flight in 4 hours, and surprisingly far behind on the upgrade list. ExpertFlyer tells me that there's no availability currently, but if the EXP desk puts me on the "waitlist" (which they usually offer), does that mean I jump ahead on the list and have a better chance if some space were to open up?

Thanks
matt85 is offline  
Old Aug 23, 2018, 7:25 pm
  #302  
 
Join Date: Oct 2002
Posts: 1,700
Yes. U can request an upgrade with a SWU. I believe you would have to do it at the airport.


Originally Posted by matt85
When there's no available C space, and J is currently fully booked: Is "waitlisting" a SWU in case someone cancels right before the flight an option?
Specifically I'm on a flight in 4 hours, and surprisingly far behind on the upgrade list. ExpertFlyer tells me that there's no availability currently, but if the EXP desk puts me on the "waitlist" (which they usually offer), does that mean I jump ahead on the list and have a better chance if some space were to open up?

Thanks
777lover is offline  
Old Aug 23, 2018, 10:40 pm
  #303  
FlyerTalk Evangelist
 
Join Date: Apr 2009
Location: Bye Delta
Programs: AA EXP, HH Diamond, IHG Plat, Hyatt Plat, Marriott Plat, Nat'l Exec Elite, Avis Presidents Club
Posts: 16,273
Some stars are aligned in my AA universe tonight. Two days ago I got an alert that TATL C opened up for 2 pax in both directions for travel about 7-8 weeks out. Put the reservation on hold, and called in to confirm the upgrades. The agent I spoke to then said there was no issue securing the upgrades while keeping the reservation on hold. When I called back to ticket, that agent said they weren't supposed to do this, so you may need to play agent roulette if you want to do this in the future.

A few minutes after giving payment info and hanging up, I thought (belatedly) to check fares one more time even though I've done so several times since putting it on hold. My fare was already decent, but lo and behold, a new fare had just been filed a couple hours before that cut the price of the itinerary by 40%. I called back and a very helpful agent was able to clear out the payment info before it got ticketed, and store the new fare without disrupting the confirmed upgrades.
javabytes is offline  
Old Aug 24, 2018, 9:06 am
  #304  
 
Join Date: May 2007
Programs: UA 1K, Hyatt Globalist
Posts: 5,451
Originally Posted by javabytes
Some stars are aligned in my AA universe tonight. Two days ago I got an alert that TATL C opened up for 2 pax in both directions for travel about 7-8 weeks out. Put the reservation on hold, and called in to confirm the upgrades. The agent I spoke to then said there was no issue securing the upgrades while keeping the reservation on hold. When I called back to ticket, that agent said they weren't supposed to do this, so you may need to play agent roulette if you want to do this in the future.

A few minutes after giving payment info and hanging up, I thought (belatedly) to check fares one more time even though I've done so several times since putting it on hold. My fare was already decent, but lo and behold, a new fare had just been filed a couple hours before that cut the price of the itinerary by 40%. I called back and a very helpful agent was able to clear out the payment info before it got ticketed, and store the new fare without disrupting the confirmed upgrades.
(1) Yeah, agents aren't supposed to hold reservations with C. As the second agent said, YMMV though.

(2) I'll take it one step further and say that I've had the EXP desk refare my ticket to a lower fare after I'd been ticketed into C. As I always do, I held a Y booking online with C space available, and then called to upgrade and ticket at the same time. The ticket issued fine, but less than 24 hours later, I saw the lower fare and was able to get the ticket repriced (using the 24 hour cancel/change fee waiver) while preserving the upgrade. It took a trip to the tariff desk, but I was pleased with the outcome.
dkc192 is offline  
Old Aug 28, 2018, 8:28 am
  #305  
 
Join Date: Jul 2006
Location: Philadelphia, PA
Programs: AA EXP
Posts: 509
Waitlisted for SWU this Friday and loads have been changing frequently the past week. I noticed a discrepancy for availability between the AA flight number (top) vs the AY flight number (bottom)? This is AA metal. Any rational why AY would have more business seats available to sell than AA would on their own flight?

stefg1007 is offline  
Old Sep 6, 2018, 5:54 pm
  #306  
 
Join Date: May 2018
Location: PHX
Programs: HH Diamond - Marriott Titanium- AA EP
Posts: 64
AA.com SWD link vs. Expert Flyer?

Hi there,

Apologies in advance if this was already answered or address in previous thread. I'm new to EP status on AA and not really sure what i'm looking at here.......

I like to use on of my SWU for LAX-HKG and I see the "system wide upgrade" link under my account. Does this mean its available instantly when I book or purchase the ticket? On EP, I see zero space for "C" inventory so I am not sure if it is available or not. Travel date is for 11/4/2018 on 77W flight AA398.
Attached Images   
A651346 is offline  
Old Sep 6, 2018, 6:36 pm
  #307  
FlyerTalk Evangelist
 
Join Date: Feb 2001
Location: RDU <|> MMX
Programs: AA EXP 2MM, SK EBS
Posts: 12,466
Originally Posted by A651346
Hi there,

Apologies in advance if this was already answered or address in previous thread. I'm new to EP status on AA and not really sure what i'm looking at here.......

I like to use on of my SWU for LAX-HKG and I see the "system wide upgrade" link under my account. Does this mean its available instantly when I book or purchase the ticket? On EP, I see zero space for "C" inventory so I am not sure if it is available or not. Travel date is for 11/4/2018 on 77W flight AA398.
For that flight, SWU space is available to upgrade from business to first (but not coach to business, hence no C space).

If there were C space available, you would see a similar green check next to the Main Cabin and Premium Economy lines with "To Business" shown.
JJeffrey is offline  
Old Sep 6, 2018, 9:47 pm
  #308  
 
Join Date: May 2018
Location: PHX
Programs: HH Diamond - Marriott Titanium- AA EP
Posts: 64
Thank you so much for the quick reply!
A651346 is offline  
Old Sep 6, 2018, 9:48 pm
  #309  
 
Join Date: May 2018
Location: PHX
Programs: HH Diamond - Marriott Titanium- AA EP
Posts: 64
Originally Posted by JJeffrey
For that flight, SWU space is available to upgrade from business to first (but not coach to business, hence no C space).

If there were C space available, you would see a similar green check next to the Main Cabin and Premium Economy lines with "To Business" shown.
Thank you so much for the quick reply!
A651346 is offline  
Old Sep 7, 2018, 11:03 am
  #310  
 
Join Date: Aug 2010
Programs: AA 1.6MM EXP; UA GS; SPG LTG,Hilton Gold, Marriott Gold
Posts: 1,477
Originally Posted by JJeffrey
For that flight, SWU space is available to upgrade from business to first (but not coach to business, hence no C space).

If there were C space available, you would see a similar green check next to the Main Cabin and Premium Economy lines with "To Business" shown.
This is often the case on the 3 cabin aircraft - it's can mislead those who aren't paying much attention!
The other gotcha is often on multi-leg journeys where the checkmark shows up, but is often only available for one of the sectors (and often, but not always, the least-useful, shortest leg).
scnzzz is offline  
Old Sep 12, 2018, 10:37 pm
  #311  
FlyerTalk Evangelist
 
Join Date: Nov 2003
Location: Wesley Chapel, FL
Programs: American Airlines
Posts: 30,005
SWU redemption for January/February Flights....NOTHING

This time last year I was looking at redeeming my SWU's for flights to China or Europe at time of booking. Low season, plenty of C1-4 on many flights to PVG (which I did) or PEK and plenty of LHR and other European destinations.

Well I was doing a search tonight for those cities during random January or Feb 2019 flights and there is ZERO SWU for any city on any date. Is this an IT glitch or has AA finally yanked all SWU redemption at time of booking?

enviroian is offline  
Old Sep 12, 2018, 10:52 pm
  #312  
 
Join Date: Nov 2011
Location: Bay Area
Programs: WN A-List, AA good-riddance, Safeway Club Card Extraordinaire
Posts: 3,851
If upgrades aren't available at the time of booking, they can put you on the waitlist.
Science Goy is offline  
Old Sep 12, 2018, 10:55 pm
  #313  
FlyerTalk Evangelist
 
Join Date: Nov 2003
Location: Wesley Chapel, FL
Programs: American Airlines
Posts: 30,005
Originally Posted by Science Goy
If upgrades aren't available at the time of booking, they can put you on the waitlist.
Yeah, thanks I know that. My point was that this time last year there were plenty of flights available to redeem SWU's at booking during this time frame. There is nothing now. I hope this is a glitch or AA's SWU 's are now truly worthless.
enviroian is offline  
Old Sep 12, 2018, 11:01 pm
  #314  
 
Join Date: Nov 2011
Location: Bay Area
Programs: WN A-List, AA good-riddance, Safeway Club Card Extraordinaire
Posts: 3,851
Originally Posted by enviroian
I hope this is a glitch or AA's SWU 's are now truly worthless.
That's a bit melodramatic, isn't it? Waitlisted upgrades still have a good chance of clearing (or at least mine have cleared 100% of the time)
Science Goy is offline  
Old Sep 12, 2018, 11:26 pm
  #315  
 
Join Date: Jun 2009
Programs: AA EXP. HH DIAMOND.
Posts: 224
Jan 21 to 25 PHL/AMS both ways is C1 to 4 and U 1 to 2.
nismo240ssx is offline  


Contact Us - Manage Preferences - Archive - Advertising - Cookie Policy - Privacy Statement - Terms of Service -

This site is owned, operated, and maintained by MH Sub I, LLC dba Internet Brands. Copyright © 2024 MH Sub I, LLC dba Internet Brands. All rights reserved. Designated trademarks are the property of their respective owners.