> What are the chances the TSA guys will give me a hard time and possibly introduce me to their ICE and DHS friends ?

Real World Factors

Low. TSA Document Checkers (TDCs) are directed to focus on matching the name on the boarding pass to the name on the identification document and the photo on the identification to the face of the passenger, and to review the validity of both documents.

In most mid-size and larger airports, document checkers regularly see hundreds of foreign passports each week and rarely, if ever, delve into any inquiry beyond looking at the photo and biographical data and matching it to the boarding pass.

Is there a chance that a document checker could search for visa information in the passport?

TSA Statements

Officially, TSA officers "do not check immigration status."

One immigration attorney believes that, in mid-2008, TSA instructed its TDCs to no longer review foreign passports for valid visas, because of public and passenger anger at the practice.

Prior to mid-2008, though, there are numerous reports of TDCs examining passports for visas.

The TSA website had discussion in early 2008 about examining foreign passports for visas, although it seems to be limited to the context of passports that appeared to be fraudulent:

TSA's general description from 2008 of finding expired visas also strongly implies that it was done only when the passport itself raises suspicions:

Immigration Attorneys' Client Stories

Some very limited, secondhand anecdotal information from immigration attorneys indicates that TSOs are believed to do so on rare occasions -- for example, take a look at this Avvo page. (However, none of the attorneys there indicate that they have clients who have experienced this situation personally.)

Immigration attorney Michael Gurfinkel, who specializes in Filipino immigration to the US, wrote in early 2008 that a TDC examined his client's foreign passport specifically for a visa, and when the TDC did not find it, the TDC referred the passport and passenger to CBP.

Data Points from FlyerTalk and other sites

Also see these firsthand reports, mostly of experiences in 2008 or before, of TDCs allegedly reviewing visas in foreign passports:

https://dreamact.info/forum/showpost.php?p=212647&postcount=22
https://dreamact.info/forum/showpost.php?p=93658&postcount=14
https://immigrate2us.net/forum/showthread.php?24618-hawaii-honeymoon&p=307610&viewfull=1#post307610
https://www.flyertalk.com/forum/13419323-post10.html
https://www.flyertalk.com/forum/9605033-post9.html
https://www.flyertalk.com/forum/8783858-post7.html


But then there are data points of people who never experienced problems with foreign passports in domestic flights:

https://www.flyertalk.com/forum/27085742-post70.html
https://www.flyertalk.com/forum/27028508-post60.html
http://www.visajourney.com/forums/topic/346815-flying-within-the-usa-with-and-expired-visa/?do=findComment&comment=5101781

(Incidentally, here is a set of tips for foreign passport use given by one user, FWIW:
https://www.flyertalk.com/forum/showpost.php?p=25718708&postcount=50 )


> Does TSA have the right to question my legal status?

That is complex question.

United States Code, title 49, section 44901 provides the TSA with the power broadly to conduct "screening" of passengers:

Code of Federal Regulations, title 49, section 1540.107(c) specifically authorizes the TSA to request and review identity documents presented by the passenger:

As of 2008, the TSA's standard operating procedure manual instructed TSA document checkers only to do one set of activities: verify the validity and non-tampered status of the identification and the validity of the boarding pass, and to match the photo on the ID to the passenger and the name on the ID to the boarding pass. (PDF pp. 82-83)

If the ID appeared to be fraudulent or tampered with, the TDC was directed to notify a supervisor, who would then notify law enforcement.

However, if the boarding pass and ID appeared to be valid, legitimate, for the passenger, and for the correct flight, the TDC was instructed to "allow the individual to enter the screening checkpoint queue."

But compare that to an FT user who claimed to be a TSO, and who said in early 2008 that he was told that a passenger presenting an expired visa was "supposed to" be referred to secondary screening:
https://www.flyertalk.com/forum/9274114-post8.html

(Keep in mind that TSOs were also told that they "may apply discretion to initiate additional screening measures beyond those called for in the SOPs" (PDF p. 16))

Obviously, newer manuals for TSOs may contain changed guidance.

Overall, an inspection of the immigration marks in a foreign passport appears to go beyond the mandate given to TDCs.

However, if a TDC were to choose to closely inspect a particular passport handed to him, notice an expired visa, and call in a CBP officer, there might not be much recourse available.

The lack of data points post-2008 about TDCs reviewing foreign passports for visas seems to indicate that they are no longer regularly doing so, unless triggered by some other reason (for example, a passport that appears to be altered). This seems especially true given how many more people now have easy social media access to spread information about these types of encounters, and the media interest in this type of story.

> How risky it is and how likely is for me to encounter with immigration officers ?

Real World Data Points

Unlikely.

However, it's not entirely unheard of for CBP officers to either ask about citizenship or request to see identification in the jetway of departing or arriving domestic flights.

For some anecdotal examples of this:

https://www.flyertalk.com/forum/27947550-post5.html
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/...nted-immigrant
https://www.flyertalk.com/forum/10248513-post12.html
https://www.flyertalk.com/forum/26792020-post4.html


While these appear to be occur very rarely, they still do apparently occur.

(Also, at certain limited airports in the US, CBP officers work alongside TDCs and TDCs apparently hand most, or all, foreign passports to CBP officers for examination, but JFK and MSY generally should not be among them.)

"Reasonable Suspicion"

As to how "risky" it is if you encounter a CBP officer -- that may depend on where you encounter him: at a referral by the TDC or independently in the jetway as he checks everyone's passport.

Federal law provides certain DHS employees (like CBP officers) the power to "to interrogate any alien or person believed to be an alien as to his right to be or to remain in the United States" -- although, as interpreted by the Supreme Court, only with "reasonable suspicion that they may be aliens" (sometimes described in terms of, for example, "unusual behavior, defensive body language, thick accents, and clothing style" or "nervousness and and an attempt to flee", or of course, a foreign passport, etc. etc.)

So if the CBP officer is called over by the TDC and shown the foreign passport, then it would seem likely to lead to questioning. But if the CBP officer is randomly stationed at the jetway asking for passports without a tip from the TSO, then it seems like it may be possible to avoid reasonable suspicion.

Of course, this is generalized background information, and for any actions you wish to take, you may wish to consult with an attorney experienced in immigration, transportation, air travel, and CBP issues, who could offer specific advice for your specific situation.

Enjoy New Orleans and your trip.