There is no requirement when arriving in Colombia for a yellow fever vaccination certificate. At least when arriving from Peru which I have done many times
The yellow fever vaccination works on the principle of herd immunity and it is only required when you are going to somewhere in Colombia where there is a risk of yellow fever. So you are not going to La Macarena National Park without a valid certificate and Tayrona National Park officially mandates obligatory certificates but I have never known anyone to be asked to show one.
Bogotá is 2640m above sea level and Aedes aegypti cannot live there. It's too high and cold
Note exceptions for certain origins are pointless if you think about it. If you board an aircraft in Lima then the check-in agent has no way of proving where you have and have not been in Peru. You might have been down the Amazon on a boat for all they know.
Restrictions tend to apply to a whole country. You would find this out if you ever tried to fly to Bridgetown from Bogotá. Barbados rightly has no idea where in Colombia you have been so although there is no risk of yellow fever in Bogotá, Barbados demands a valid certificate for flights to Bridgetown just because you have been in Colombia