To summarize my reading of this thread (and my personal view): you can claim 600 because you arrived 4 hours late at your final destination. You cannot claim any other expenses (like hotel in BKK).
Whether QR will accept is questionable. They already provided you with an upgrade to F and might feel that you are unreasonable. Then you would have to go to court.
I feel that you should claim in the Netherlands if you purchase the ticket there. Undoubtedly, they will ask HQ.