Originally Posted by
ksandness
I don't know of any major shrines around Kyoto Station, but Kyoto Station itself is interesting in a modern architecture sort of way, and there are some famous temples in the area.
+1 Perhaps the OP meant temples rather than shrines.
Toji temple - within walking distance of the station is worth a visit. Probably the only Kyoto site south of the station that a short-term visitor is likely to visit:
http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3919.html
Higashi Honganji on the north side of the station is also easily walkable from the station, but not as interesting to a casual visitor, IMHO.