Just an update to this thread:
It is possible to do a short connection in Curacao, however, I may strongly suggest you only do carry on luggage and that you print your boarding pass in advance.
As you exit the plane, go to the transit line (only possible if you have no luggage checked). If this line is closed, ask a staff member and they might be nice and guide you through.
10 min was a possible connection for me between landing on AA and take-off on Insel Air. Thank you Curacao Airport!