I originally applied for NEXUS, doing the required interview + biometric scans.

My passport subsequently expired; I renewed but forgot about updating NEXUS. A year later, I get a mail saying I am automatically approved for Global Entry and can use GOES kiosks immediately. I went online and saw both expired and renewed passports inventoried under "Citizenship Info" and "Admissibility Docs" in both NEXUS and GOES profiles.

It appears the State Dept's systems talk to each other and update the online profiles with new passport info, no need to go into the NEXUS office to update them. The NEXUS and GOES renewal dates remain unchanged after renewal.