No, there is only luggage storage (consignes) at train stations served by SNCF trains (Gare du Nord, Gare de l'Est, Gare St. Lazare, Gare Montparnasse, Gare d'Austerlitz, Gare de Lyon). Last I knew, the self-storage lockers ranged from about 5 to 10 euros, depending on the size, and I think there's manual left luggage as well.
Enjoy your trip!