It's perfectly fine to transport a dog across temperature changes, as long as it complies with the air carrier's policies and requirements. The primary problems occur if the ground temperature is unsuitable for the pet. For example, many airlines restrict shipment of certain (or all) pets in the cargo hold during summer, because the high temperatures can be dangerous for certain breeds.
If you're taking the dog in-cabin, then there's no worry whatsoever. If it goes in the hold, just make sure that it's not the middle of summer when ground temperatures can exceed 100 degrees.
(FWIW, we bring our dogs between the very temperate Bay Area and frosty Lake Tahoe all the time.)